Great Idea from Brazil: Public Phones

In Europe and North America, we all waste a lot of money on our mobile phones (except me). We waste a lot of energy on carrying them around. We constantly have to recharge them. And we have to worry about losing or forgetting them.

In Brazil, I have seen a completely different solution: public phones. They are everywhere. In every little village there are a few of these funny-looking installations. In bigger cities, you find them every 50 or 100 meters. They are in shopping malls, at gas stations and on university campuses.

Telefonzelle

This is a great idea. Not only don’t you need to buy, carry and charge your own phone. The best thing is that you decide when you want to make a call or when you want to be called. Once you step away from the public phones (which is hard in big cities, admittedly, because they are everywhere), nobody can bother you anymore and disturb you. You have more control over your life instead of allowing a little gadget made by Chinese forced laborers to control your life.

Older people may tell you stories about how we also used to have public phones in Europe and North America in the 1970s and 1980s, but then phones were privatized. What a terrible idea this was. Once more, South America is showing us how to do things the clever way.

Posted in Brazil, Photography, Technology, Travel | Tagged , , | 16 Comments

Video Blog: Fire-Fighting Plane

Last week, I helped fighting the fires in Chapada Diamantina National Park in Brazil for a day, after I had stumbled upon a squad of volunteer firefighters while hiking.

It was tough work, particularly because so many fires were in inaccessible areas. Again and again, we had to walk to a river (down a steep slope for half an hour), fill the water canisters with 20 liters per person, out them on the back and climb back up the steep hill. In the meantime, the fire had spread of course and further sources of fire popped up. A depressing job.

The water-bombing plane was thus a welcome support. It flew quite low and dropped the water exactly where it was needed.

We worked out way deeper into the tropical forest to manually extinguish the many small fires which couldn’t be seen from the plane.

Löschflugzeug2

Posted in Brazil, Photography, Travel, Video Blog | Tagged , , | 1 Comment

When Brazil was without WhatsApp for a few hours

Crying teenagers, desperate mothers, impatience, despair, rage, destroyed relationships, suicides.

All of that because a court in Brazil ordered that WhatsApp should be blocked for 48 hours. So people actually had to send e-mails to each other, to talk on the phone, or, heaven forbid, to talk in person instead of sending messages with lots of yellow faces and LOLs.

But then it got worse: Most people on the internet, and some media even, blamed competing telephone operators for the ban. Others blamed President Dilma Rousseff, others blamed Congress, and so on. “Censorship”, “human rights”, “freedom”, “net neutrality”, “dictatorship” and other big words were thrown around. The left blamed the right, the right blamed the left, some crazies called for a military coup, silly comparisons with Cuba, Venezuela and North Korea popped up.

All of this was wrong, unfounded, and often outright manipulative. What had really happened? In a criminal investigation, a Brazilian court had asked WhatsApp to turn over transcripts of conversations between suspects. WhatsApp had refused. The court passed an order on 23 July 2015, ordering WhatsApp to comply. On 7 August 2015, the company was informed again of what would happen if they refused to comply. WhatsApp apparently reacted like the people who think that nothing happens to them if they don’t open the mail from the court or the bailiff. After waiting more than another four months, the court reacted with its decision.

Legally, that decision seems acceptable. In any case, it’s no violation of anyone’s freedom of speech because you can still say and write what you want in person, over the phone, in writing and indeed over hundreds of other internet applications. It was funny to see all those highly agitated people getting all hyped up about “internet censorship”, not noticing the irony that they could still write, read and publish whatever they wanted. I also didn’t understand how anyone thought that this was a ban of WhatsApp as a business model. If so, why would it have been limited to 48 hours?

Maybe non-lawyers should generally exercise caution when commenting on court rulings, but many commentators didn’t even live up to the lower standards of logical thinking. The main benefit of the decision was to see who just speculates, makes up stuff, agitates or is outright dumb (96.2 %) and who is interested in the facts and in a genuine debate (3.8 %). Because this effect was achieved within a few hours, another judge lifted the ban before the 48 hours had elapsed.

But by then, Brazilians, the majority of whom apparently understand more about technology than about law or politics, had already found an alternative.

WhatsApp telegram

The telegram? Yes, the good old telegram! Because in 1890, the Brazilian government had the foresight to establish telegraph lines across the whole country, all the way into the Amazon rainforest and to Bolivia and Peru. This effort was led by Cândido Rondon, who as a positivist believed that technological progress would unite the country. This went so far that he took a gramophone with him to play the Brazilian national anthem to indigenous tribes, who often came in contact with the Brazilian state for the first time.

Throughout his life, Rondon laid more than 4,000 miles of telegraph lines, most of them in hitherto inaccessible areas. When his work was completed after 24 years, the radio had been invented, putting the telegraph lines largely out of business before they could barely start operating. Long ridiculed for his efforts as the Don Quixote of positivism, this week finally brought vindication for Rondon.

Candido Rondon

“I told you we will need telegrams again one day!”

Posted in Brazil, History, Law, Politics, Technology | Tagged , | 6 Comments

The Economics of Christmas

Christmas Presents

On first sight, presents sound like a wonderful thing. You receive a surprise or something that you had always wanted, and you receive it for free. An economic benefit, surely. But it’s not that simple, because most people make presents at least in the expectation of receiving something in return (not necessarily presents though). If you never return anything, you will realize that people will stop giving to you as well. Trust me, I have noticed it myself.

What a waste!

You might still think that this underlying quid pro quo may put a dent in the philosophical value of Christmas presents, but it surely is normal economic behavior. But Christmas presents are in fact quite different from other economic transactions:

  1. In a usual economic transaction, the value of a product is about the same to the seller as it is to the buyer. Otherwise, they wouldn’t agree on a price.
  2. With Christmas presents, the value to the giving person is what he or she spends on the present: 40 $ for a tie. 29 $ for a book. 30 $ for a ticket to the theater.
  3. For the receiving person however, the value is independent of that investment. It is solely determined by how useful he or she will find the present. He might only wear the tie once or twice a year. He might not read the book, for lack of interest or time, or he might have wanted to read it anyway, but wouldn’t have spent money on it and would have gotten it from the library instead. And she might be bored all the way through the theater performance and even have to pay a bus fare or fuel to get there. In all these examples, the economic benefit to the receiving person is much less than the investment made by the giving person.
  4. Thus, economic value is destroyed.
  5. Of course, there is also the possibility of the reverse scenario: A present requiring a small economic investment might bring lots of benefit. A painting that you can finish in a day might decorate somebody’s office for a lifetime (and save him the money he would have to spend to buy a painting). A book that you bought at a flea market for 3 $ might keep someone entertained and happy for a week.
  6. Countless disappointed faces under Christmas trees and the scores of people in shops after Christmas wishing to return gifts suggest that in too many instances, we are closer to the scenario described in no. 3 than the one in no. 5.

This blog is never about nagging, but always about constructive solutions. So we will analyse how to increase the economic value of your Christmas present transactions:

  1. The best approach would be not to give any presents at all. In a free economy, people will buy what they need and want, and suppliers will produce and sell what people want. This radical approach might seem a bit heartless though.
  2. Give money. The receiving person will know how to get the most personal benefit out of your present and we can be certain that they will spend it to maximize their is economic gain.

    Books and cigars are perfect presents – for me.

  3. Give something that everyone needs and would have to buy for themselves otherwise. Examples are bread and milk, or frozen pizzas for bachelors. Toilet paper is another favorite of mine. This will free up the receiving person’s budget for other investments.
  4. Make wish-lists. Let people know what you want and ask what they want. This way, everyone will be happy and we have even demonstrated that a market functions best if all information is freely available.

In line with my last suggestion, I have posted my own wishlist, which will even remain valid beyond Christmas.

Christmas Travel

I have to admit I never got the point of Christmas travel to reunite with other members of your family or clan. Surely, if you have parents to visit on Christmas, you also have them in May and August. My feelings and respect towards my parents might go up and down a bit with certain events and developments, but they are not dependent on a recurring event in a calendar.

From empirical evidence, we know the following facts about Christmas travel:

  1. Far more people than usual travel.
  2. As is normal (and foreseeable), this makes travel more expensive at this time of year.
  3. People start their journeys relatively late (22 or 23 December at the earliest) and all want to arrive at their destinations on the evening of 24 December.
  4. Christmas is in winter (at least in the northern hemisphere). Roads are blocked, sea lanes are frozen, airports are closed. This reduces the travel capacity at a time of hiked-up demand, which can only lead to chaos.

    Engaging in economically neutral Christmas activities. At Nonsuch Park, Surrey in December 2010.

  5. Because of the winter conditions, travelers do not have access to all the substitute options that they would have in other seasons, like going by bike or driving themselves.

We can easily detect a vicious circle of ever-decreasing supply and ever-increasing demand. The only sensible option therefore is to travel at other dates. It will be cheaper, more enjoyable and you have a higher chance of actually reaching your intended destination.

Christmas Shopping

As you are already getting a sense of my rather negative economic assessment of Christmas, I can see you are itching to say: “But I thought Christmas was GOOD for the economy because of all the extra spending and increased retails sales.”

Fair enough, some businesses do indeed make a large junk of their turnover in the two months leading up to Christmas. And Christmas is undoubtedly good for some businesses, for example those that farm and sell Christmas trees, candles, Glühwein (mulled wine), even book stores.

More turnover for these businesses, more profit, more jobs, what can be bad about this from an economic perspective? Well, this part of Christmas does not deserve a negative verdict. But it also doesn’t deserve a positive remark. Because it is neutral. Christmas shopping has no positive effect on the economy.

Why is that? Simply because any dollar, pound or euro that you spend in December, you won’t spend in January or you will have saved in November. Christmas shopping does not increase spending in an economy, it just shifts your spending away from other months and away from other products and services. If this effect is positive or negative therefore depends on which spending you cut to have a party on 24 December. If you decided to forego university to save on tuition fees, it will be a terrible (dis)investment. If you decide to cut back on drug use to buy presents for your family, it will be rather positive.

Conclusion

  • Your Christmas spending has a neutral effect.
  • If you spend your money on presents, do so wisely.
  • Don’t travel on Christmas!

If you do need to get together with your family over Christmas, I hope this blog will give you something a bit different to talk about at the dinner table. Enjoy the holidays!

Posted in Economics, Religion, Travel | Tagged , | 7 Comments

It’s not my fault if I am cold and aggressive.

As confirmed by the Harvard Business Review in an article about negotiation styles, this is the German national character.

German negotiation style

Although I wouldn’t call my style confrontational, but direct and honest. With me, you will at least always know my sincere opinion. I won’t lie and I won’t do silly things like “trying to use non-verbal communication to convey signs” and let you guess (which is a woman thing anyway). If I want you to know something, I will tell you.

This saves everybody a lot of time, and it’s more reliable. There is no point in negotiating with less confrontational/direct people who will say “yes” or “maybe” to everything for fear of pissing you off, but then they won’t deliver.

On expressing emotions, I may be a bit different from the norm because I will easily get agitated if someone tries to bullshit me, and I will tell them straight away. But the “emotionally unexpressive” label is correct when it comes to talking about personal stuff. That doesn’t necessarily belong in negotiations, unless you already know each other. Don’t ask me “How are you?” unless you are prepared to listen to the story of my life. And don’t get sad if I don’t ask you. Either I am not interested or I don’t expect an honest answer anyway.

Posted in Economics, Germany | Tagged | 21 Comments

Dear FARC, please don’t over-react!

In a few months, I might walk through the Colombian jungle. Besides snakes, alligators and mosquitoes, the other danger lurks from the rebel group FARC, who have a tendency to over-react when they encounter foreigners in territory that they control or fight over.

Swedish traveler Jan Philip Braunisch was kidnapped in 2013 and later killed. FARC suspected him of being a spy because he had a GPS and detailed maps with him.

Braunisch FARC

These FARC guys must be some couch potatoes if they don’t know that it’s completely normal for any hiker to take maps and a GPS device when crossing a few hundred miles of mountainous jungle.

They are also a bit out of touch with modern technology. If anyone wanted to spy on rebel camps in the jungle, they would fly a drone over the suspected sites.

Unfortunately, I may also carry maps and a GPS with me, and I have often been suspected of being a spy before. Therefore, I am posting this article as a kind of insurance policy. When I will get captured, I will ask one of the FARC guys to go to the nearest internet café, go on my blog and search for this article. And then I hope that my logic works like this:

  • If I was really a spy, I wouldn’t announce my visit beforehand, right?
  • Also, you will probably notice that I don’t speak Spanish very well. Surely, someone more qualified could have been found.
  • If I really was a spy, I wouldn’t write spy stories or post pictures of me with heavy weapons and thus draw unwanted attention to me.
  • Lastly, if I was really a spy, I would travel under a completely different name and you wouldn’t be reading this.

So, please, don’t kidnap or murder me. Or if you have already kidnapped me and are reading this, let’s chill out, have some cigars and then you let me walk on. After all, there are peace negotiations happening right now, aren’t there?

Posted in Colombia, Military, Politics, Terrorism, Travel | Tagged , | 15 Comments

Video Blog: Forest Fires in Chapada Diamantina

As promised, I will keep you updated on the forest fires in Chapada Diamantina National Park in Brazil.

While hiking yesterday, I saw these fires from afar. Obviously, I wanted to get as close to them as possible. Who wouldn’t?

Here is a video with a few of my explanations.

Two corrections, though:

  • Nothing was closed off. I saw some military police at the entrance of the park and apparently drew wrong conclusions from their presence, because I later came across plenty of hikers who had gone into the same direction as me.
  • The information that nobody fights the fires at night was a misinformation I had received. Meanwhile I have had an opportunity to spend a day with the volunteers and they have told me that the fires are being fought day and night.

I kept hiking up the canyon, getting closer to the fires.

Ultimately, I got geographically close to the fires, but the problem was that they were up on the southern side of the canyon. Steep cliffs separated the fires and me, and I would have needed to climb almost vertical walls of a few hundred meters.

deep canyon fire

I actually did try to climb up the northern side of the canyon, figuring that I would have a better view of the fires from there. But I had to stop after maybe 50 meters because the vegetation got too dense. Also, the rocks were dangerously slippery because of waterfalls. But at least you get a video of forest fires and a waterfall out of this expedition:

On my way back, as it got dark, I then spotted the actual fires instead of only the smoke for the first time.

forest burning 14Dec15 1

These fires looked very much alive and they flared up again and again. But despite the wind, they didn’t seem to cover a large area during the whole day. The fire was relatively stationary. But then, I saw columns of smoke in a lot of other directions across Chapada Diamantina.

(Zur deutschen Fassung dieses Artikels.)

Posted in Brazil, Photography, Travel, Video Blog | Tagged , , , , | 8 Comments

Moving to Bolivia

From January 2016 on, I will establish a base in Bolivia for at least three months.

What do I want a base for, if I am a traveler?

I do feel at home anywhere immediately, as you know, and quickly adapt to any country. But in order to work, and particularly for writing, I do need the calm which only overcomes me when I don’t have to live out of a backpack and don’t have to clear my desk every three days.

Because I want to spend the next few years in Latin America, I should really learn Spanish. A somewhat fixed residence should be useful for getting the structured daily routine which will help with studying.

Financially, it also makes much more sense to rent an apartment for a few months instead of one room after another for a few days or a week each.

Such a base even makes it easier to travel because I won’t need to carry around all my books, my laptop and all the other stuff (says the guy whose belongings fit into two bags). Instead, I will leave all of this at home and go on tours of a few weeks each with only a small backpack.

Why Bolivia?

Situated in the heart of South America, Bolivia is already an obvious choice for geographical reasons.

But more importantly: I believe that Bolivia is a country that suits me and where I will feel happy. The mountains, the low population density, the relatively mild climate (in the non-tropical part of the country). Of course it’s risky to form an image of a country that I have never visited before, but I imagine Bolivia to be just as I am: calm, relaxed, close to nature, friendly, more interested in politics than in parties, more interested in substance than in shallowness, civilized, but with understatement. Simply likeable. But full of adventures.

272703812_5c53166951_btiticaca-top14787471736_35dfbc85e2_z

Particularly after the constantly partying or beach-bumming Brazil, which is a bit too loud and hedonistic for my taste – although I did also get to know the other Brazil -, I am looking forward to a retreat in the mountains.

And where in Bolivia exactly?

My dream destination was Sucre, Bolivia’s constitutional capital and the seat of the Supreme Court. With a population of 240,000 and a permanent maximum temperature of 20 degrees Celsius – In Brazil I am suffering from twice as much – this city at an altitude of 2,800 meters fits perfectly into the matrix which is slowly forming after different experiences. But I didn’t find any apartment here in the short time available.

Thus I will first move to Cochabamba, which is larger than I need it with its 630,000 people, but several locals have assured me that life in Bolivia’s fourth-largest city feels like that in a small town. I will see. The climate is perfect: Thanks to maximum temperatures of 25 degrees all year round, Cochabamba is called the city of eternal spring. And when I saw that this city in the Bolivian mountains will stage its 27th Bertolt Brecht theater festival next year, my heart said “yes” sooner than my brain could have come up with any further questions.

cochabamba1cochabamba2

By the way, it only took me two days to decide which country and which city to move to and to choose an apartment. Less time than it takes some people to ponder the acquisition of a telephone or a washing machine.

(Zu dieser Ankündigung auf Deutsch.)

Posted in Bolivia, Life, Travel | Tagged | 38 Comments

Jesus is my neighbor

Once you know that Nazaré, the name of the part of Salvador where I stayed for two weeks, is the Portuguese form of Nazareth, it may surprise you less that Mr Jesus was my neighbor.

Jesus

Posted in Brazil, Photography, Religion, Travel | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

“Magia Salvaje” makes me look forward to Colombia

In a few months, I will hopefully be in Colombia.

This documentary makes me more than excited. It makes me dreamy.

Posted in Cinema, Colombia, Travel | Tagged , , , | 2 Comments