Not only in James Bond

Some people still believe that James Bond books and films are fiction. How naive.

Operation MincemeatI have just read Operation Mincemeat by Ben Macintyre, the true story of a British operation during World War II, in which a dead body was equipped with forged papers and washed ashore in Spain. The idea was that the Spanish would pass on the paperwork to Germany who would find (false) plans of an invasion of Sardinia, Corsica and Greece, thus deviating their attention from Sicily where the actual invasion would take place.

The plan worked.

The man tasked with building the canister in which the dead (and rotting) body was smuggled to Spain on a submarine was Charles Fraser-Smith of “Q-Branch”.

His job was to furnish secret agents, saboteurs and prisoners of war with an array of wartime gizmos, such as miniature cameras, invisible ink, hidden weaponry and concealed compasses.

This is my favourite invention of all:

He invented garlic-flavoured chocolate to be consumed by agents parachuting into France in order that their breath should smell appropriately Gallic as soon as they landed.

Nice to have someone at the office who thinks of every little detail.

If Fraser-Smith reminds you of the Q you know from the James Bond films, that’s no coincidence. Ian Fleming, the author of the underlying novels, was an officer in British Naval Intelligence during World War II.

vlcsnap-00088

(Zur deutschen Fassung.)

Posted in Books, France, History, Spain, UK, World War II | Tagged , , | 6 Comments

Why I don’t eat Seafood

Because it can kill you:

Octopussy octopus

Posted in Food | Tagged , | 3 Comments

Easily Confused (40) Beheadings

People whom we call “barbaric” and “monsters” when they cut somebody’s head off: ISIS, IS, Al-Qaeda.

James Foley beheading

People whom we do business with when they cut somebody’s head off: Saudi Arabia.

beheading Saudi Arabia

Posted in Economics, Human Rights, Law, Politics, Saudi Arabia, Terrorism | Tagged , , , | 9 Comments

“… and the noble gesture of the German commander”

“If I hadn’t followed orders, I would have been shot myself” the culprits say, and their defense attorneys call it “acting under superior orders” when someone is indicted for crimes committed during World War II. A handy excuse, this alleged moral dilemma. Except that it is a myth.

It was only during an internship with the Central Office for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes that I learnt that no cases are known in which German soldiers or members of the SS were executed for disobeying blatantly illegal orders, like orders for mass shootings of civilians. The worst consequences were the absence of further promotions or being ordered to a different posting, sometimes to a desk job in Germany, which wasn’t very exciting but still better than a winter in Stalingrad.

Unexpectedly, I stumbled across an example a few days ago when I wandered around the southern Italian port city of Trani. In the Square of the Republic, enjoying the shade of the palm trees and listening to the nearby water fountain, there is this memorial:

Denkmal Trani gross

Rows of names chiseled into a slab of concrete usually remind us of historical catastrophes, and when I read the date of 18 September 1943, I could already imagine what it was about. Two weeks prior, Italy, which had until then fought alongside Nazi Germany, had agreed an armistice with the Allies. All of a sudden, Germans and Italians were no longer partners. The Wehrmacht was now an occupying army and behaved accordingly, offering its typical range of war crimes.

Thus I expected a memorial tablet for another massacre, but stumbled when I got to the passage “… and the noble gesture of the German commander Friedrich Kurtz”. That didn’t fit. Something else must have happened here.

Denkmal Trani DetailIndeed: a few days before 18 September 1943 five German soldiers had been killed in an ambush close to Trani. The Germans assumed that Italian partisans were the perpetrators and, in line with Wehrmacht custom at that time, First Lieutenant Kurtz received the order to shoot 50 male citizens of the small town as a reprisal. The hostages had already been gathered, the firing squad was ready, when the mayor, the archbishop and the wives of some of the hostages asked to speak with Kurtz.

The German commander permitted them to plead their case and decided in the afternoon that the German forces would leave the town without shooting any of the hostages. The 54 men gathered in the town square survived thanks to this refusal to obey orders. At that time, the Allied forces had already landed on mainland Italy and British troops were just about to take Trani. Kurtz’ decision may have been influenced by this.

Friedrich KurtzAn obvious refusal to carry out an order, during wartime, close to the frontline. What happened to First Lieutenant Kurtz? He remained an officer, although he received no further promotion. The same fate befell the (few) German soldiers who refused to obey orders relating to atrocities against the civilian population elsewhere. There is no trace of duress or severe negative consequences.

One month later, on 18 October 1943, the Italian king came to Trani and awarded medals of valor to the mayor and the bishop. But in the decades that followed, the talk of the town again and again returned to the “good German”, whose identity nobody knew and who had never came forth himself. Only in 2003 did a systematic research begin and the lay historians finally identified Friedrich Kurtz. He didn’t notice anything of that or of the inauguration of the memorial in 2005. He had already died in 1993.

(Zur deutschen Fassung dieses Artikels.)

Posted in Apulia, Germany, History, Italy, Law, Military, Travel, World War II | Tagged | 1 Comment

Why I don’t eat Fish

Because I know what it looks like before it gets on your plate:

fish bon appetit

(Photographed behind the Swabian Castle in Trani, Apulia, Italy.)

Posted in Apulia, Food, Italy, Photography | Tagged , | 3 Comments

Did you notice the Irony? (17) Robots

“Please prove you are not a robot,” I am being asked – by a robot.

please-prove-youre-not-a-robot

Posted in Technology | Tagged , , | 1 Comment

Video Blog: Macedonia by Train

Of course there is also a video to accompany my article on travelling through Macedonia by train. But this time, it won’t be one of my self-made, stuttering amateur videos in which you can’t understand anything because of the noisy wind. No, this time I found a professional video which will convey the true atmosphere of travelling from Skopje to Bitola by train:

Posted in Cinema, Macedonia, Travel, Video Blog | Tagged , , | 2 Comments

Macedonia by Train

A lonely steam engine rests on the tracks. It is no longer operational, but it fits well into the image created by the train station. Prilep is the fourth-largest city in Macedonia, but the train station looks like that of a village with a population of 2,000. A dying village with a declining population of 2,000. The four tracks are covered by grass.

train station Prilep

Four times a day the train from Skopje to Bitola passes through here. The ticket prices have been entered by hand in a chart that is pinned to the wall behind an insect-covered piece of glass and above the opening from where tickets are sold. The ticket counter is closed. The station clock is 10 minutes slow.

Ticketpreise

16:45. The sun is still hot, but the shadows are already long. I lean on the wall of the station building which is facing the tracks, my backpack will be covered with chalk later. Some of those waiting have large canvas bags with clothes and household items. Two men are putting sacks of wheat and boxes with tomatoes on the platform.

The ticket vendor arrives but goes hiding in his office, unimpressed by the crowd of waiting travellers. From all directions, men are pushing bicycles across the railway tracks. A man wearing the overall of a car mechanic comes onto the platform on a moped. Will that go on the train as well? The wind is blowing cardboard boxes through the scene from right to left. Men in checkered shirts are smoking cigarettes. Opposite from the train station, a horse-drawn carriage with bales of straw passes by twice.

The longer the scheduled departure time at 17:12 passes by without anything happening, the more I understand the lack of any urgency on the part of the ticket vendor: of course he knew of the train’s delay. Finally he does open his window for a few minutes to sell some tickets without any apparent sign of excitement. He picks up a 100 denar banknote from the cash register and holds it up to the window to signal me how much I have to pay. I even receive two denars change. 98 denars, that’s 2 US$ for approximately 50 kilometers. Here, you can still take the train just for fun.

In the heat and surrounded by the dust, with the view of the mountains and the passengers who are waiting patiently, but with some distance from each other, I have been feeling like in a Western movie for a while already, when an elderly, smaller gentleman’s mobile phone begins to play the soundtrack of “Once upon a time in the West”. I am inching closer to the entrance of the cobwebbed concourse to be able to retreat as soon as the first shots are fired.

And then it arrives, the much-expected train. Old and young disembark with heavy bags which they brought from the capital Skopje. The man on the moped is only here to pick someone up. He helps an old woman (his mother? his grandmother?) to get off the train. She is blind. Hopefully she will be safe during the ride on the two-wheeler.

The journey from Prilep to Bitola doesn’t attract too many passengers today. The train is sparsely populated, but even emptier is the landscape through which the railroad is battling forward. The evening sun colors the cornfields in shining gold and the meadows in luscious green. The hills are undulating in perfect shapes.

goldgrün

A huge sunflower field on the left; contrary to the rumor about their behavior, the sunflowers have turned their faces away from the sun. The slip stream blows through the windows, twisting the heavy curtains like flags of freedom. We are not travelling fast, almost one hour is scheduled for the 50 km.

Again and again the train is convinced to stop in the middle of nowhere by collapsed or burnt-out station buildings.

Bahnhof kaputt 1Bahnhof kaputt 2

I can’t make out any settlements to which these buildings would belong, nor any roads. People get off, but they still have to walk a few kilometers across the fields before they will get home.

Only outside of Bitola, Macedonia’s second-largest city, human life begins to enter the landscape again. Increasingly often the train has to whistle a warning when crossing roads. Thus, the whole town learns that the evening train is about to arrive. At the station, two men run towards the train carrying a heavy fridge-freezer, which they heave through the door directly behind the driver’s cab.

Outside the station, a man leans on the boot of his Audi 80, marked as a taxi only by the yellow sign on the roof. I give him both my backpack and the address in the old town of Bitola where I want to stay. When he gets into the car, he removes the taxi sign from its roof. There is no meter. That’s also a way to do some moonlighting.

The next morning during breakfast at the hostel, I talk to an American who complains that the trains in Macedonia don’t have air-condition. I on the other hand loved the trains with open windows instead of air-condition so much, that I am sad that I will have to continue my journey by bus from here on. Because Bitola is the end of the railroad. The direct connection from here to Greece was cancelled in 1991; there is no train to Albania either.

(The trains from Thessaloniki to Skopje and from Skopje to Prilep also went through beautiful scenery. Even if you are only in Macedonia for a few days, you should definitely take a trip by train. Tickets are sold at the train stations in larger towns or you can pay on board. – Click here for a video of a train journey through Macedonia. – Zur deutschen Fassung dieses Berichts.)

Posted in Macedonia, Photography, Technology, Travel | Tagged , , | 11 Comments

Did you notice the Irony? (16) Bernie Ecclestone

Formula-1 boss Bernie Ecclestone faced charges of corruption, specifically of having paid bribes. The recipient of the bribes Gerhard Gribkowsky had confessed to the charges. He had been working for a bank which was majority-owned by the State of Bavaria.

"Yes, I always want to stand trial in Munich from now on. I like it here."

“Yes, I always want to stand trial in Munich from now on. I like it here.”

Now Mr Ecclestone had to stand trial before a court of the same State of Bavaria in Germany. Apparently he thought: “What worked once, may work again.” He offered yet another bribe to the State of Bavaria. 100 million dollars. Directly this time, without any intermediaries like Mr Gribkowsky. The State of Bavaria accepted and expressed its gratitude. The trial is over.

Now I understand the real reason why the trial had been referred to as a “bribery trial” from the beginning. I had completely misunderstood that at first.

(Zur deutschen Fassung.)

Posted in German Law, Germany, Law | Tagged , , | 3 Comments

Animals of Macedonia

In one day, while hiking from Prilep to Treskavec Monastery (and back), I saw the range of animals living in Macedonia, some of them expected, others unexpectedly exotic.

Horses are no surprise in a landscape that could be used for shooting Western movies.

horse

Resting and seeking shade under a tree, I heard something move in the foliage. It was a sound like from a large animal, one that shouldn’t be living on trees. Like a crocodile. It was not easy to spot because it had exactly the same color as the leaves, but luckily it remained still once it noticed my curiosity: a green lizard.

crocodile in tree

It was quite big. I didn’t see the whole tail, but the main body was at least 10 cm long. And fat. Of course there were also hundreds of common lizards along the path, but I didn’t take any photos, maybe because I am so used to them by now, after living around the Mediterranean for a while.

The other animals of which I sadly didn’t capture any photos were butterflies. They were too fast, I was too slow. At times, five or six of them were circling around my head. Bright yellow ones, green ones, blue ones, butterflies with stripes, butterflies with see-through wings and butterflies in black, many of them bigger than the butterflies I had seen thus far.

“Whoa!” I screamed out in surprise, when I almost stepped on this animal by accident.

turtle

At an altitude of around 1,000 meters and in a very dry landscape, I really wouldn’t have expected to see a turtle. I used to think they prefer lakes or rivers.

And then the most surprising find. What’s the last animal you would expect in the hills of Macedonia? I don’t know if it regularly lives here or if it had escaped from a zoo, but there was an elephant, looking down on the town of Prilep indecisively.

elephant(Zur deutschen Fassung dieser Biologiestunde.)

Posted in Macedonia, Photography, Travel | Tagged , , , | 5 Comments