Book Review: “Golden Holocaust” by Robert Proctor

This will be a short book review because Robert Proctor’s book about the dangers of tobacco, smoking and cigarettes can be dismissed outright after reading the title and the introduction.

Although I occasionally smoke cigars, I know it’s neither healthy nor smart. I am not sure we need a new book to tell us that, but I will give Robert Proctor the benefit of the doubt on that. Maybe he has uncovered new evidence or performed new research. – Unfortunately for him, I will never find out because I just can’t get over the title of the book and therefore will never read it: “Golden Holocaust”.

I am against the inflationary use of the term “holocaust” even for other acts of genocide because it seems to deny the singularity of the Holocaust against the European Jews between 1933 ad 1945. Genocides also took place against other groups, e.g. the Herero or the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and all of these weren’t less gruesome for the individual members of these groups as the Nazi Holocaust against the Jews was for the Jews of Europe. Still, the Holocaust that originated in Germany against the Jews is unique in many historical aspects, especially in the way that it was openly declared as the government’s policy, that every arm of the state, as well as industry and private citizens participated in the murder of people who had until then been their neighbours and colleagues and that all of this began in peacetime. The industrial, mechanical and bureaucratic scale of the Holocaust also make it unique among all genocides.

And now comes Robert Proctor and compares the organized mass murder of 6 million people in concentration camps and mass shootings with smoking a cigarette, a voluntary act which contributes to illness and the early demise of a small percentage of its users. What an outrageous comparison! Do I really need to point out that a cigarette smoker can quit? That he can stop buying cigarettes? That he can get help against a possible addiction? That there is treatment against smoking-related illnesses? – Do I really need to contrast this with the short life in a concentration camp? I don’t think so.

Robert Proctor explains his choice of words on page 11 of his book:

I use the term holocaust with caution.

No, you don’t: you put it in the title of your book!

In both instances [smoking and the Nazi Holocaust] … we face a calamity of epic proportions, with too many willing to turn a blind eye, too many willing to let the horror unfold without intervention. Apathy rules.

It becomes obvious that Mr Proctor – a professor of the history of science and one who has even published research about Nazi Germany – tries to equate the Holocaust with the voluntary consumption of cigarettes that come with a warning label. This equalization is wrong, it is tasteless, it is shameful, it is dangerous.

I recommend instead: “Night” by Elie Wiesel.

Posted in Books, History, Holocaust, Language | Tagged , , | 9 Comments

Paypal is hyper-sensitive

As you know, I offer to send postcards from spectacular places for a small donation. This helps to keep this blog going, and it brightens up your life when one evening after a long day at the office you find a postcard from Easter Island.

Recently I received a message from Paypal that one of the donations was “suspicious” and that they needed to “investigate”. I though it was from someone who didn’t have enough money in their account, or from a drug dealer or one of these suspicious Nigerian princesses that hand out millions.

But no. It was just a reader who specified that he didn’t want a postcard from Iran.

That was enough for Paypal to contact him and ask him what the heck he was thinking to put the word “Iran” into the note. His explanation that he would prefer a postcard from anywhere else was not enough to convince Paypal that this payment had nothing to do with Iran, didn’t originate from there, wasn’t destined for there, and in any case that 15 $ couldn’t really contribute much to a nuclear weapons program.

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So Paypal refused to transfer the payment. The donor tried again two times, without any note, and the payment was reversed again.

Probably we are both on some terrorism watchlist now.

Paypal, you really need to relax a bit.

Posted in Economics, Iran | Tagged , , , | 9 Comments

Climate Change History

earth_temperature_timeline

Of course the climate has changed before, but never as dramatically as now in a short time. (Ok, maybe that one time in 1816, but that had terrible effects too.)

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Anyway, I don’t understand what kind of an argument “the climate has changed before” is supposed to be. We have also had wars and bubonic plague and genocide before. That doesn’t mean we wouldn’t try to prevent it from happening again, does it? “Don’t worry, toothache is something completely natural. It occurs every 3 to 4 years,” said the dentist. Would you then relax and keep eating sugar and smoking cigars?

The other big difference between the past and now is that we are 7.4 billion people, many of them living in places that were uninhabitable during previous dramatic climate periods. Desertification and floods already affect large areas now and if temperatures rise further, millions of people will have to move to moderate climatic zones, where pressure on space and resources will grow.

(Infographic from XKCD. Animated infographic from NCAS.)

Posted in History, Technology | Tagged , , , | 8 Comments

The Typist

In Bolivia there is the perfect job for people like me who have learned how to read and write, but who nonetheless prefer to work outside.

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Posted in Bolivia, Photography | Tagged , | 2 Comments

Next trip: Easter Island

As Peru is turning out to be the noisiest country in the world, I urgently need a time-out. I just want to walk across green meadows, sit by the sea and dig out some ancient artefacts for a week.

The perfect place to do this is Easter Island in Chile. Although “in Chile” is not exactly the right term, because first I have to fly across 3,512 km of Pacific Ocean to get there. This is neither good for the environment, nor for my therewith thoroughly depleted savings. But if I will run out of dough, an island in the middle of the Pacific is the best place to let fate hit me hard.

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Thus I will spend the first week of October hiking and marveling in a spot more secluded than any I have ever visited. I am sure you want a postcard.

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Posted in Chile, Easter Island, Travel | Tagged | 17 Comments

How far can you get by train?

Zur deutschen Fassung dieses Artikels.


One of my readers wrote that he had been wondering how far he could get if he took his local commuter train and continued traveling with no other means of transport than the railway. As a train enthusiast, I couldn’t stop thinking about this. Because that reader lives in Lauf in Bavaria and thus only a few stops from my hometown of Amberg, the idea might also prove useful for my relatives who are afraid of flying and who had so far thought that they could never escape the confines of German provincialism.

This research is based on someone setting off from Germany, but as train networks on the European continent are well-connected, it is useful for anyone else living or traveling in Europe too.

My farthest train journey from Germany was to Ljubljana in Slovenia. A scenic ride crossing the Alps. In the restaurant car of the Austrian Railway you enjoy majestic views and Sachertorte while vehicle traffic piles up for hours and for many kilometers at the border crossings that nationalist politicians want to re-establish all over Europe.

But you could go on in that direction: Zagreb, Belgrade and from there either to Montenegro or to Timisoara in Romania. Once you are in the Balkans, you can’t help but think of the Orient Express. Is it still possible to go from Central Europe to Istanbul by train? Of course it is.

Seat61 illustrates some of the connections, but there are many more options, for example from Belgrade to Timisoara and from there to Bucharest. If you have time, I recommend the detour via Targu Mures, Gheorgeni, Baile Tusnad and Brasov, where the romantic scenery with clear rivers and wild horses running parallel to the tracks and the somewhat antiquated Romanian Railway will give you a Western-movie feeling.

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While strolling around Istanbul, you may suddenly remember that great infrastructure project from one century ago, the Baghdad Railway. When it was completed in 1940, it had taken a bit longer than the 10 years originally budgeted, but sadly enough the route into the Syrian desert was already completed by 1915, just in time for the genocide against the Armenians.

baghdad-railway-map

This connection to Iraq is currently experiencing some interruptions of service due to the war in Syria and the occupation of Mosul by ISIS. Towards the south-east, for the time being Turkey is thus the last stop.

But if this is not enough, you can explore any of Europe’s other extremities by train.

In the south you go to Villa San Giovanni in Calabria, from where you take the ferry to cross the 3 km to Messina in Sicily. I would argue that it still counts as a train journey because you can stay on the train during the brief crossing and then continue either to Palermo or Syracuse. Both lines run just a few meters from the Mediterranean and offer wonderful views.

In the south-west you can get as far as Lagos in Portugal via France and Spain.

Thanks to the Eurotunnel, you can reach Great Britain without any problems and continue all the way to Thurso in Scotland without having to use any other means of transport.

If you want to go even further north, you cross Öresund Bridge from Denmark to Sweden, reaching Scandinavia by train. The northernmost train station is Narvik in Norway.

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But, as everyone from Napoleon to the Nazis knew, if you really want to travel, you have to go east. In Russia, the longest stretch you can cover by train without having to change trains or even leave the train, the Trans-Siberian Railway between Moscow and Vladivostok, is 9,288 km. That is twice the distance from Syracuse to Narvik and a distance that most Europeans cannot really grasp. The journey takes a week, which puts a heavy toll on long-distance relationships. “I am sorry, Nadezhda, but when I was already in Krasnoyarsk, I remembered that I have to be back at work next week and I had to turn around.”

Central Europe is connected to this masterpiece of railway engineering via Warsaw and Minsk or via Kiev. If you are lucky, you get to Moscow just in time to get on the sleeper train to Pyongyang in North Korea, at 10,267 km the longest train connection in the world for which you don’t need to change trains. But who would really want that, to stay on the train all the time? Ok, maybe during the Siberian winter and if you have a crate of good Russian literature with you. But when I see Lake Baikal and birch forests passing by, I want to get off and go hiking. When else do you have a chance to visit Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg or Irkutsk?

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Knowing myself, I would get stuck at the most unlikely of places and the railway line would be less a means of transport than a story line, along which I trod eastward with ever-increasing curiosity. The far east of Russia doesn’t even need to be the final destination. You can continue to Beijing via Mongolia or Manchuria.

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There you catch the train to Lhasa and you can float to Tibet at altitudes of more than 5,000 meters. But that’s the end of that line for now. There are plans to extend the train connection to Nepal and India, but even in China this will take a few more years. Yet those who got on the train in Lauf or in Leiden and made it to Lhasa have at least circumvented half the world by train.

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If you want to make a few more kilometers, simply transverse China and take the train to Vietnam. The last 1,600 km from Hanoi to Ho-Chi-Minh-City will seem like a short commute after such an adventure. And you will realize how small your own country is.

So, if you ever have a few weeks of free time, go to your train station and see how far you will get with the most comfortable way of traveling. I definitely know what I will do next.

Links:

Posted in Belarus, China, Europe, Germany, Italy, Montenegro, North Korea, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Serbia, Sicily, Syria, Technology, Travel, UK | Tagged , , , | 27 Comments

Is this the Beginning or the End of the Journey?

(Seen and photographed in Trakai in Lithuania.)

Posted in Lithuania, Photography, Travel | Tagged | 11 Comments

Bolivia’s missing children

One office stands out from all the others at the bus and train terminal in Santa Cruz. It’s the only one that doesn’t employ a person shouting the names of cities to which there are still available seats on the next bus: “Sucre, Sucre, Sucre!” “Beni, Beni, Beni!” “Quijarro, Quijarro, Quijarro!”

Even without screaming girls, the office of the Bolivian Transit Police attracts my attention. Its windows are plastered with WANTED-posters, or so I believe at first. “Let’s see what the typical crimes here are,” I think, approaching with curiosity. This might be a more interesting way to spend the time I have to wait for the Orient Express than having another portion of chicken and rice.

vermisstenplakat-1

The first poster reads DESAPARECIDO. Missing. Well, that can happen. The next poster: DESAPARECIDO. The one next to that: DESAPARECIDO. And so on. Of the 60 posters only one calls for help with identifying a car thief. The other 59 concern missing persons.

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I understand that in a large country like Bolivia, you can easily get lost and die in the desert or get eaten by a jaguar in the rainforest. But so many people? No, this is more than the normal rate of atrophy.

Even more shocking is the composition of victims. These are less the demented doters that abscond elsewhere from time to time, but mainly children and teenagers. I pencil some of the names and ages in my notebook: Yandira, 18. Estefany, 14. José Luis, 6. Milan Jailany, 2. Yamine, 14. Ayelen, 17. Maria Andrea, 17. Jhon Azariel, 5. Karla Andrea, 15. Ana Maria, 14. Misael Paco, 1 ½. Chico, who can also be called Tiko Tiko (this one is a missing dog). The brothers José Enrique and Mauricio Dennis, 10 and 13. Nayely, 12. José Maria, 9. Elio, 12. Carla, 14. Airon Daniel, 13. I guess that’s enough to give you an impression of the age group which is hit the hardest by inexplicable disappearances. By the way, the dog has three posters on that wall, each of the children only has one.

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Although the posters are already faded and ripped, none of the pleas for help date from before September 2015. Many of them are from the still young year of 2016. (I took these photos and notes on 15 February 2016.) And these are only the people missing in Santa Cruz.

Upon leaving the terminal, I spot further missing person’s posters at the entrance. They are the brand-new cases. Ana Paola, 15, and Devora Natalia, 16.

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When I raise this subject with people in town, they tell me anecdotes of human trafficking, prostitution, forced labor all the way to gruesome speculations about organ trafficking. Bolivia’s borders with Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Paraguay mostly run through the rainforest or sparsely populated areas that could only be policed with disproportionate effort. You hardly face any hurdles here, whether you are smuggling humans, drugs or pirated DVDs.

Humans often don’t even require smuggling because they travel across the border themselves. Many stories of forced labor and (forced) prostitution begin with promises of better-paid work in the factories or on the farms of neighboring countries. Once the Bolivian children are in Sao Paulo or Santiago, their “employers” take away their documents, don’t pay out the salary, lock them up in the basement and abuse them.

Too often activists against forced labor use the term “slavery”. I am rather cautious regarding that. For once, I think it trivializes real slavery. Second, even exploitative employment maintained by coercion is something different than trading humans like property. But the latter is exactly what happens on Bolivia’s borders, 128 years after Brazil was the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery. In La Quiaca in Argentina, Bolivian children are sold for around 350 $.

But this doesn’t explain the missing babies and infants. Maybe they pop up with some North American or European family who always wanted to adopt a cute child.

(Zur deutschen Fassung dieses Artikels.)

Posted in Law, Photography, Travel | Tagged , , | 28 Comments

The end of Gary Johnson

Even worse than not knowing a city that has been in the news for the past five years (and a city so famous and historically important that you might have heard of it in high school) is the naive suggestion that “joining hands with Russia” will bring peace to Syria. And did Mr Johnson suggest that Western support for the Free Syrian Army and the Kurds was a mistake?

Even Herman Cain had some idea of Libya and Sarah Palin knew the general direction of Russia. For a second there, Gary Johnson looked even more clueless than Donald Trump.

I dare say that from now on it’s downhill for Gary Johnson, which is sad because a lot of voters aren’t happy with the choices offered by the Democratic or the Republican Parties this year. If you are considering the Green Party, forget it too. Their candidate for Vice President, Ajamu Baraka, thinks that Bashar al-Assad is a democratically elected leader who is ruthlessly attacked by colonial powers.

Posted in Politics, Syria, USA | Tagged , | 36 Comments

Love is in the Air

At the airshow in Targu Mures, Romania:

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Posted in Love, Photography, Romania, Travel | Tagged | 1 Comment